Parkinson's research at Zhittya Genesis Medicine

Studying FGF-1 and blood flow in the brain in Parkinson's disease

Zhittya Genesis Medicine is a clinical-stage biotechnology company in Las Vegas, Nevada. Since May 2022, it has been studying FGF-1 in people living with Parkinson's.

This page explains the science, shows what the studies have reported so far, and shares participants' own words.

The science

The idea: more blood flow to the part of the brain that Parkinson's affects

The brain needs a steady supply of blood. Zhittya's hypothesis is that in Parkinson's, the smallest blood vessels feeding a key part of the brain slowly fail, and that growing new ones might help.

FGF-1 is a protein that tells the body to grow new small blood vessels. Zhittya is studying whether giving FGF-1 can change blood flow in the brain, and whether that matters for people living with Parkinson's. That question is still open.

Illustration of nerve cells beside a small blood vessel
An artist's illustration of nerve cells beside a small blood vessel.

The vascular hypothesis, step by step

  1. Brain cells depend on tiny blood vessels. Each cell is fed by vessels called capillaries.
  2. Some of those vessels may fail. Over many years, capillaries may narrow or close.
  3. Cells may suffer. Cells that do not get enough blood may stop working well, and some may die.
  4. New vessels might help. If new capillaries could be grown, blood flow to the area might improve.

Our theory: how FGF-1 might work in Parkinson's

A one-minute animation of Zhittya's hypothesis about new blood vessels and the brain.

See the idea in one minute

This short animation shows Zhittya's theory of how FGF-1 might work: new blood vessels growing toward the part of the brain that makes dopamine.

It is an illustration of a theory. It does not show a measured result.

Videos play here on this page. Press Play to bring up the video, then press the red YouTube button to start it. Captions are turned on when the video has them.

Go deeper

What is FGF-1?

FGF-1 stands for fibroblast growth factor 1. It is a protein that the human body makes on its own. Scientists first described it in the 1970s.

One of its jobs is to act as a signal. When tissue is hurt, the body's own FGF-1 is one of the signals that tell nearby cells to build new small blood vessels.

Zhittya makes a laboratory version of human FGF-1 at its lab in Reno, Nevada. Bacteria are given the instructions to produce the protein. The protein is then separated and purified.

What is angiogenesis?

Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels from ones that already exist. The word comes from the Greek for "vessel" and "birth."

The body does this every day. When a cut heals, a fine web of tiny new vessels grows into the wound. Those vessels carry in oxygen and nutrients and carry away waste.

Trying to start this process on purpose is called therapeutic angiogenesis. Researchers have studied it for decades in conditions where tissue does not get enough blood.

What happens in the brain in Parkinson's?
Anatomical model of the human brain, cut away to show the inside

In Parkinson's, cells in a small part of the brain called the substantia nigra stop working and die. These cells make dopamine, a chemical messenger the brain uses to control movement. With less dopamine, movement becomes harder to control.

Doctors and scientists do not fully know why these cells die. There are several theories, and the cause may differ from person to person. The vascular hypothesis above is one of those theories.

How the research got here

FGF-1 was studied in other conditions long before anyone studied it in Parkinson's. This history explains where the idea came from. It is background, not proof.

1998: work on FGF-1 begins

Dan Montano, Viktoriya Tamlenova-Montano and Dr. Jack Jacobs, who lead Zhittya Genesis Medicine today, began working to develop FGF-1 as a possible medicine.

The University of Cincinnati heart trial

FGF-1 was tested in an FDA-authorized Phase IIA clinical trial at the University of Cincinnati in people with coronary artery disease. The trial looked at whether FGF-1 placed in the heart muscle could grow new blood vessels there. ABC News reported on it at the time.

This trial was about the heart. It is historical background for FGF-1. It is not evidence about Parkinson's.

ABC News report on the University of Cincinnati heart trial

A news clip about an earlier FDA-authorized Phase IIA trial of FGF-1 in coronary artery disease. Background only, not Parkinson's evidence.

Background on FGF-1 in heart disease. Not Parkinson's evidence.

The primate study, by other researchers

Researchers outside Zhittya tested FGF-1 in Cynomolgus monkeys with a laboratory form of Parkinson's. Zhittya did not conduct this study.

In that study, one group of monkeys was given FGF-1 and another was given a placebo. The researchers reported better movement scores and more dopamine-producing cells in the FGF-1 group. They also reported less buildup of a protein called alpha-synuclein.

Results in animals often do not carry over to people. That is why human studies are needed.

January 2020: the white paper

Zhittya published a white paper setting out the vascular hypothesis for Parkinson's and its plans for human studies. It was written before any person with Parkinson's had received FGF-1, and the trial design it describes is different from the nasal-dosing studies that began in 2022.

Read the white paper (PDF, 21 pages)

May 2022: human research begins

Zhittya began open-label medical research studies of FGF-1 in people with Parkinson's. In these studies FGF-1 is given through the nose.

2024: brain imaging

Zhittya began imaging work with Washington University in St. Louis to measure blood flow in the brain before and after FGF-1 dosing.

The data

What the studies have reported so far

These are early findings. Read the box first, then step through the five slides.

1 of 5 How many people have taken part

260+people with Parkinson's dosed in Zhittya's research studies since May 2022

These are open-label, longitudinal medical research studies. Everyone taking part knows they are receiving FGF-1, and each participant is followed over time.

Open-label studies are a normal early step in research. They are useful for spotting signals worth testing. They cannot prove that a product works.

2 of 5 Reported change in motor scores

53%average reported improvement in motor scores by 6 months

The 53% figure is calculated from UPDRS scores, the rating scale doctors use to track Parkinson's. Zhittya's nursing team records each participant's scores. It is an average at six months. Some participants show more change, some less, and some none.

These are longitudinal studies. Each participant's scores are compared with their own scores at the start.

3 of 5 Motor scores over six months

The MDS-UPDRS is a rating scale that doctors and researchers use to track Parkinson's. A lower score means fewer or milder signs. The graph shows average scores for an early group of about 100 participants, next to a line showing how scores typically change over the same time.

MDS-UPDRS score by month

Average MDS-UPDRS scores reported for about 100 participants in Cohorts 0 to 18, over the first six months. The dashed line is an estimate of typical Parkinson's progression. It is a reference line, not a control group from these studies. Scores closer to 0 mean better movement.
The same numbers as a table
MonthCohorts 0 to 18Typical progression
03025
129.525
22726
32527
42228
52029
61929

4 of 5 Brain imaging: one participant, two scans

This slide shows the result from one participant. It is preliminary, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and may not be typical.

A type of scan called functional MRI, or fMRI, can estimate how much blood is reaching a small region of the brain. The first participant scanned in the imaging work at Washington University in St. Louis is identified as Z101. Z101 had one scan before the first dose of FGF-1 and a second scan six months later.

fMRI image of the substantia nigra region of participant Z101's brain before dosing. Most of the image is dark red.
Before the first dose

A close-up of the substantia nigra region in Z101's brain. In this kind of image, color stands for measured blood flow. Dark red means less blood flow.

fMRI image of the same region of participant Z101's brain six months after the first dose. More of the image is orange and yellow.
Six months after the first dose

The same region six months after Z101's first dose of FGF-1. More of the image is orange and yellow, which stand for more measured blood flow than dark red.

21.2%increase in measured blood flow to the substantia nigra in participant Z101, six months after the first FGF-1 dose

More participants are being scanned before and after dosing.

5 of 5 Reports beyond movement

Participants have also reported changes that are not about movement. These include:

  • Sleep. Some participants report sleeping longer or more soundly.
  • Balance. Some report steadier balance or fewer falls.
  • Thinking. Some report clearer thinking or better memory.

These are things participants have told Zhittya in their own words. They have not been measured against a comparison group, and not every participant reports them. The comments themselves, including mixed ones, are in the participant stories below.

Interested in future Parkinson's studies?

Zhittya Genesis Medicine keeps an interest list for its planned clinical trials and its medical research studies. Joining is free and does not commit anyone to anything.

Go to the sign-up page

Participant stories

In participants' own words

There are 112 comments in all: 107 from participants and caregivers, and 5 short descriptions written by Zhittya.

Some comments mention changes to medication. Never stop or change a medication without talking to the doctor who prescribed it.

Choose a topic

Showing all 112 comments

Participant videos

Videos play here on this page. Press Play to bring up the video, then press the red YouTube button to start it. Captions are turned on when the video has them.

  • Mark's update

    A short update from Mark, who has taken part in Zhittya's research studies since May 2023.

  • Gail's story

    Gail took part in a research study in January 2024. This short video shows her walking with assistance.

  • Clay Coburn's account

    Clay Coburn and his wife Tanya talk about his experience as a study participant.

The whole comment

Research news

The research, month by month

Zhittya publishes an update every month. Each card is a short summary of the Parkinson's research in that month's update, from January 2024 through September 2026. Newest first. Press "Read the full update" on any card to read more.

Research update

Want to hear about planned Parkinson's clinical trials and research studies?

Talks

Hear the research team explain it

Presentations from Zhittya's research team. They run from a few minutes to a little over an hour each.

Want to hear about planned Parkinson's clinical trials?

Zhittya Genesis Medicine keeps an interest list for its planned clinical trials and its medical research studies. Joining is free and does not commit anyone to anything. A caregiver or family member can sign up for someone else.

Go to the sign-up page